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The key purpose of Joint Danube Surveys (JDS) is to produce reliable and comparable information on carefully selected elements of water quality for the length of the Danube River, including its major tributaries. Three Joint Danube Surveys have previously been conducted, in 2001, 2007, and 2013. The fourth of its kind, JDS4 was launched in June 2019 at sampling sites in 13 countries across the Danube River Basin. With the view to obtaining a complex picture of the water quality in the Danube and its major tributaries, the yearly assessment of water quality published in TNMN Yearbooks has been supplemented by periodic investigative surveys, which are carried out every six years in sync with the river basin management planning period according to the EU WFD. JDS4 was a milestone in the series of Joint Danube Surveys. The three past Surveys were based on a principle that a Core Team of leading experts did all the sampling and, in case of biology, microbiology and hydromorphology, analysis of samples too, while the national experts joined the Core Team only when in their respective country and mostly observed how the work was done (sometimes they provided assistance to the Core Team). JDS4 was organized the other way round: a significant part of the job during the survey (biology, hydromorphology, physico-chemical analyses) was accomplished by the national experts while the Core Team had a coordinating and advisory role to ensure coherence between the approaches used by the national experts. This approach, along with training workshops for each biological quality element organized prior to the survey, provided an excellent opportunity for harmonization and training in WFD- related monitoring giving this way the above-mentioned long-term key objective of JDS a prominent place.
The sampling for analysis and screening of chemical pollutants and of environmental DNA was performed by special monitoring teams. JDS4 was organized on the Danube River including its major tributaries, with a sampling program focused on 51 sites nominated by the ICPDR experts.

• I. Liška, F. Wagner, M. Sengl, K. Deutsch, J. Slobodník, M. Paunovic, (eds.) (2021). Joint Danube Survey 4 Scientific Report: A Shared Analysis of the Danube River. International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, Vienna. ISBN: 978-3-200-07450-7
• N.A. Alygizakis, et al: NORMAN Digital Sample Freezing Platform: A European virtual platform to exchange liquid chromatography high resolution-mass spectrometry data and screen suspects in “digitally frozen” environmental samples, April 2019, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 115, DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.008, License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Projects: Antibiotics and mobile resistance elements in wastewater reuse applications: risks and innovative solutions (ANSWER), Non Target Screening of Emerging Contaminants)
• V. Dulio, P.C. von der Ohe, NORMAN Prioritisation Framework for emerging substances. NORMAN Association (2013), ISBN: 978-2-9545254-0-2
• B. Vrana, F. Smedes, I. Allan, T. Rusina, K. Okonski, K. Hilscherová, J. Novák, P. Tarábek, J. Slobodník, Mobile dynamic passive sampling of trace organic compounds: Evaluation of sampler performance in the Danube River. Science of the Total Environment (2018), Volume 636, DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.242
• Kelsey Ng, et al: Wide-scope target screening characterization of legacy and emerging contaminants in the Danube River Basin by liquid and gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, February 2023, Water Research Vol. 230, 119539, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119539
• C. Beggs, R. Mackie, B. Vrana, R. Prokeš, S. Ghorbani Gorji, B. Schulze, K. V. Thomas, J. F. Mueller, S. L. Kaserzon, Estimation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances mass loads in the Danube River using passive sampling, Science of the Total Environment (2023), Volume 892, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164458
• N.A. Alygizakis, et al: Characterization of wastewater effluents in the Danube River Basin with chemical screening, in vitro bioassays and antibiotic resistant genes analysis, April 2019, Environment International 127:420-429, DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.060, License CC BY 4.0 (Projects: Antibiotics and mobile resistance elements in wastewater reuse applications: risks and innovative solutions (ANSWER), Non Target Screening of Emerging Contaminants, Water testing & Bioassays)
• P. Louis, D. A.L. Vignati, S. Pontvianne, M.-N. Pons, Spatial distribution of Rare Earth Elements in a transnational watershed: The case of the Danube River, Science of the Total Environment (2023), Volume 892, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164368

• https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/annual-reports
• https://www.icpdr.org/
• https://www.icpdr.org/library/publications/strategic-technical-documents

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